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America’s Red Summer 100 years ago
PETER FROST remembers hundreds of black deaths during 1919’s Red Summer
An African-American is stoned by whites during the 1919 Chicago race riot
NICK WRIGHT considers how the isolation of Israel and a new film on the controversial Italian communist leader are creating new reference points for Italy’s left
CARLOS MARTINEZ says Cuba’s achievements in the face of a criminal blockade are startling, but the island’s future if the United States succeeds in crushing it looks bleak
AMNON BROWNFIELD STEIN reports that far-right MPs who mobbed the event organised by Hadash may have helped raise awareness of the brutality of the Israeli right
Born on this day in 1931, the heroic revolutionary faces a dangerous new wave of White House aggression. We must treat his birthday as a rallying cry to resist the illegal siege of Cuba, writes ROGER McKENZIE
RAMZY BAROUD decries the rats of Gaza, the rodent and human type. Both abound as profiteering from tragedy reaches obscene levels
THE US in the summer and autumn of 1919 was a place of violence and racial anger and yet today, exactly a century later, those events have almost been written out of the country’s official history.
There are no national events marking Red Summer, history textbooks ignore it and most museums don’t mention it.
It was branded “Red Summer” because of the bloodshed that was some of the worst white-on-black violence in the whole of US history, yet it is only now that some, more progressive, historians are beginning to analyse these events.
The violence happened all across the US in small towns like Elaine, Arkansas, in medium-size places such as Annapolis, Maryland, and Syracuse, New York, and in big cities like Washington and Chicago.
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