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What does Jewish self-determination actually mean?
Many Jewish people reject the idea of a fortress state, favouring alternative ways to build equal lives for Jews, as a minority, wherever they live, says DAVID ROSENBERG
A poster calling on young people to join the Bund youth movement (left), an election poster of Ukrainian Bundists that reads “There where we live, that is our country” (right), a Bund march in 1917 (middle top) and (middle bottom) Bund leader Henryk Erlich stands above the crowd at a may Day rally in Warsaw early 1930s

IN 2013 the remarkable Polin museum opened in a location that 80 years ago formed part of the Warsaw Ghetto. 

It showcases 1,000 years of Jewish culture, interaction with non-Jews, intellectual creativity, periods of terror and hardship but also “Golden Ages.” 

Many Jews are taught that Poland is just a Jewish graveyard: centuries of life are collapsed into six years of utter destruction, when the Nazis exterminated 90 per cent of Poland’s 3.3 million Jews. And yet, Jewish life is reviving today in 15 Polish cities.  

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