IN the spring of 2011, Nato were supposed to “save” the Libyan people from repression and massacre. Nine years later, Libya is characterised by chaos, division and fierce battles between domestic and foreign interests.
“We have not had a unified and functioning government since March 2011. The Libyans have paid a high price for the invasion,” says Khaled Kaim, the country’s former deputy foreign minister.
Developments in Libya appear from time to time in the news flow. The war that started in March 2011 has not yet ended. On the contrary, the fighting has escalated over the past year and more outside parties are getting involved in the power struggle in the oil-rich country.
The US-Israeli conflict with Iran has had far-reaching consequences, including a boost to Pakistan’s regional standing, argues ROGER McKENZIE
Tehran retaliates with attacks on Israel, the Gulf Arab states and crude oil flows
VIJAY PRASHAD details how US support for Syrian President Ahmad al-Sharaa allowed him to break the resistance of the autonomous Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF)
Trump threatens war and punitive tariffs to recapture Iranian resources – just as in 1953, when the CIA overthrew Mossadegh and US corporations immediately seized 40% of the oil, says SEVIM DAGDELEN


